India is set to become the world’s most populous country, overtaking China, with an estimated population of 1.4286 billion by mid-year, according to a report released by the United Nations Population Fund. However, UN officials have said that “uncertainty” about data from China and India make it impossible to determine the exact date for the shift. The report also notes that global population growth is slowing, and by 2050, eight countries, including India, will account for half the projected growth.

India’s growing population will have significant economic implications, with China also facing challenges as its labor force shrinks and the number of retirees increases. However, India needs to create more jobs for its growing labor force, as low wages and lack of opportunities are already causing a decline in workforce participation.

The report also highlights concerns over fertility policies and their impact on individual rights. The UNFPA warns that policies aimed at influencing fertility rates, such as family planning targets and policies, can fuel gender-based forms of discrimination. In India, some states have proposed a two-child policy, including financial incentives for sterilization and penalties, which could lead to sex-selective abortion and violence against women giving birth to girl children.

Overall, the report emphasizes the need to empower women to make choices about their bodies and lives, as this leads to healthier lives and thriving societies. Instead of focusing solely on population milestones, policymakers should consider the impact of their policies on individual rights and potential.